Analysis of EGFR/RAS Isoforms in Melanoma and Effects of PKI-166 on EGFR

Abedalfattah Twam, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Biology

My research goal was to look into melanoma and how expression levels of different oncogenes can impact patient prognostics. The oncogenes I chose for this study were EGFR and the isoforms of RAS which consist of Kras, Hras and Nras. Using the Kaplan Meier database, I found that higher expression levels from EGFR and Hras were associated with shorter survival times in patients with melanoma whereas Kras and Nras expression levels were found to have no significant impact. Additionally, I also researched PKI-166. PKI-166 was a drug which had inhibitory effects on EGFR reducing its activities, however it had many adverse effects leading to it being discontinued.

I chose this area of research because I strive to become a future healthcare provider. I believe the knowledge I learned from taking on this research and also the skills I've developed throughout will help me as a future provider. Reading through a variety of publications and using resources like google scholars to find relevant information was a major challenge and at times very exhausting, it taught me just how challenging researching can be and the amount of patience needed. If I were to ever go back and add to my research I would like to study which oncogenes are found to impact melanoma patient prognostics, how common these oncogenes are and possible treatment options.

Overall, this experience was challenging but very rewarding!

PKI-166 Structure

The Impact of Vision Impairment on Development and Daily Life in Young Adults & Children

Merna Mikhail, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Psychology

For my capstone project, I chose to research a topic that deeply interests me and aligns with my career goals. I aimed to combine my psychology major with my goal of becoming an optometrist by exploring vision impairment and its impact on the development and daily life in children and young adults. The objective of my research was to gain a deeper understanding of how adolescents and children with vision impairments navigate their daily lives, including the challenges and limitations they may face whether in school, social relationships, or personal development. Additionally, I wanted to explore how vision impairment influences self-esteem and confidence, which can have broader effects on various aspects of life.

During my literature review, I came across some unexpected findings. For instance, one study revealed that adolescents with severe vision impairments reported the highest sense of school belonging compared to their sighted peers and those with milder visual impairments. This was surprising because one might assume that greater vision impairment would correlate with increased struggles in social integration.

However, this study challenged that assumption, highlighting the complexity of individual experiences. One of the most significant takeaways from my research is that no two cases are the same; there is no universal standard for how vision impairment affects a person’s life. Each individual experiences and copes with their impairment differently. Some grow up in supportive environments that encourage independence, while others may not have access to the same resources or support, leading to greater feelings of limitation. Through my research, I also discovered various tools, such as assistive apps, that help individuals with vision impairments navigate daily challenges.

Pursuing a career in optometry means that I will work with a diverse range of patients, including children and adolescents with varying degrees of vision impairment. This research has provided me with valuable insight into their experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms. Additionally, it has broadened my perspective on how society can better support individuals with vision impairments.

Initially, I expected my capstone to be just another project, something to complete and move on from. However, it turned out to be a profoundly eye-opening experience that provided me with new perspectives and meaningful knowledge. One of the biggest challenges I faced was finding the right sources, as locating relevant and credible studies required extensive research. Fortunately meeting with my mentor, Professor Louis Rotondo, helped me refine my focus and identify key areas to explore.

Looking ahead, I would love to expand this research by shifting the focus to adults with vision impairments. Understanding how they manage daily life, their self-perceptions, and their coping strategies could provide even more valuable insight into the lifelong impact of vision impairment.

Ultimately, this experience has reinforced the importance of being open to learning and embracing the unexpected. I now understand that research is not just about finding answers but about uncovering new perspectives that challenge assumptions. This project has been both enlightening and rewarding, and I look forward to applying what I’ve learned in my future career.

Visualizing interactions between RAGE and S100A12 binding and signaling with YFP and CFP

Shaan Shirazi, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Biology

I was looking for research and was accepted to work in Dr. Rupal Gupta’s lab. There was definitely a learning curve for me, as the projects involved relied heavily on topics in biology and biochemistry that I hadn’t yet learned.

But from the very beginning, I was fascinated by the work being done on proteins and how the experiments conducted could help further our knowledge on the intricate systems that help our bodies function. This was a big motivating factor that kept me coming back and working in the lab. I loved how the work I did would actually help us to work towards a goal of publishing our findings on different proteins and receptors in our bodies, furthering society’s knowledge on this topic.

My capstone covers how my research aims to understand how a protein in our body named S100A12 interacts with its respective receptor called RAGE. Using a technique called fluorescent energy transfer microscopy, it uses a fluorescent protein that we attached to the receptors to visually observe and detect the interactions between S100A12 and RAGE. S100A12 is normally produced by our immune system, and is known to signal immune responses via RAGE, such as inflammation. S100A12 is observed in patients suffering inflammation from diseases such as chronic kidney disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

I found it challenging yet fun learning how to operate different machinery such as the thermocycler to replicate DNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or the gel electrophoresis system to confirm the presence of DNA. I began my research with a basic knowledge on their function and purpose and came out far more experienced and learned. Experiences like that actually benefited me in my biology classes, when these techniques were discussed and tested on.

Working on this project I was very surprised at the time many procedures took, as I quickly learned that science requires a lot of time and patience to get results, and that I always have to brace myself for failure as that is much more common than success. In my capstone paper I detail in my results section the many hiccups I encountered when working towards my goal, and every time I learned to stand back and assess what went wrong and adjust my methods accordingly.

I began this project in my sophomore year, and I have since heavily expanded upon my research on this specific topic involving the S100A12 protein, testing different mutants such as S100A12E31A and S100A12E31AI47A’s ability to bind metal under different conditions. Overall in addition to the scientific knowledge I have gained working on this project, more importantly, I also learned a lot of good skills and habits such as patience, work ethic, and critical thinking.

The Influence and Impact on How Social Media Shapes Societies

Chloe Matuszewicz, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Business Management

Social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and Twitter have fundamentally altered how individuals, organizations, and communities connect and share information. My research aimed to explore the role of social media as a disruptive innovation and its impact on communication, education, business, and society.

Social media has improved international communication, encouraged activism, and opened up new avenues for education and promotion, but it also has drawbacks, including false information, privacy issues, overabundance of content, and the decline of authenticity. Through qualitative research, this study aimed to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of these developments, providing stakeholders such as governments, corporations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with guidance on how to deal with the opportunities and difficulties presented by social media.

The results demonstrate social media's dual character as a force that needs careful management to prevent detrimental effects on society and as a tool for innovation and advancement. Understanding how ingrained social media has become in daily life gave rise to the concept for this study. Its capacity to disrupt established systems like marketing, communication, and education stood out as a field that deserved more investigation.

I was driven by the urge to gain a deeper understanding of this two-pronged tool and to pinpoint tactics that companies, academic institutions, and legislators may employ to maximize its advantages while reducing its drawbacks. The frameworks of Clayton Christensen's Disruptive Innovation process and Everett Rogers' theory Diffusion of Innovation offered a theoretical perspective for analyzing how social media alters society dynamics.

Initially, I expected the research process to be relatively straightforward—a compilation of existing literature, followed by a clear synthesis of ideas. However, it turned out to be a far more intricate and demanding journey. Due to its wide-ranging and complex effects, social media demands an intricate equilibrium between examining its advantages and resolving its drawbacks. To draw useful findings, every area impacted by social media, including communication, education, and entertainment, needed to be investigated comprehensively. I didn't realize how much more critical thinking and further research this project would demand, and careful analysis of sources.

One of the primary challenges was working within time constraints, which limited the ability to conduct primary research. Secondary data collection and analysis became crucial, but thorough filtering was also necessary to make sure the sources were reliable and relevant. It proved to be a balancing act to focus on specific elements without simplifying them, considering the wide range of social media's influence. However, it was comparatively simple to obtain secondary data and identify reoccurring patterns due to the amount of literature on social networking as a disruptive innovation.

Theoretical frameworks, like Christensen's work on disruptive innovation, offered an organized method for examining how social media is changing different industries. The magnitude and range of social media's effect shocked me the most. I learned how profoundly it has changed not just how people communicate with one another, but also how society, business, and even educational systems are shaped. Social media's dual nature—its ability to promote constructive social change while also presenting serious risks, was especially noticeable. Social media encourages superficial participation and spreads false information even as it gives users the ability to take part in international discussions and movements.

This study experience has been enlightening and life-changing. It underlined how crucial flexibility and critical thinking are when tackling a complicated, quickly changing topic like social media. I discovered the importance of combining many points of view and striking a balance between theoretical understanding and real-world applications. Above all, this study reaffirmed how crucial it is that stakeholders use social media with consideration. For example, companies must adopt strategies that strike a balance between short-term aims, like more sales, and long-term ones, like fostering trust and brand loyalty.

To promote a better online environment, governments and politicians must concentrate on enhancing digital literacy and preventing false information. Nonprofits can utilize social media to spread their message, but they also need to be aware of the dangers of false information and content overload. Overall, this study has helped me better grasp how social media is changing how society interacts, learns, and functions.  

The Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Managing Mental Health in the Workplace

Emily Albano, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Business Management, and minors in Finance and Marketing

When I was tasked with writing my capstone project, I became stuck almost immediately with trying to decide on a topic My advisor suggested thinking about my own experiences, and writing became easy again.

My project focused on emotional intelligence for managers to support mental health within the workplace. This idea came from my personal experience during my student-athlete time and the tragic loss of a female goalie named Katie Meyer, which opened my eyes to the importance of mental health support. That traumatic event helped made me aware of my own struggles and that what I was feeling wasn’t okay. Experiencing a small-scale burnout made me realize just how tough it must be for people who face such stresses and also manage to handle a job. I saw that mental resources were seriously lacking in not only my environment, but in the role that I want to pursue after college. I wanted to explore how emotional intelligence might enable managers to create healthier work settings.

I researched specific programs that train emotional intelligence skills in managers. It would be fascinating to find out whether the companies that received this type of training see improvements in employee satisfaction and retention levels. I would also want to explore how these changes really influence the company culture over time, as more and more employees from the young generation, Generation Z, enter the workforce and place such value on this element of leadership.

What I took away from this study is support for mental health in the workplace is a necessity. The role of the manager plays a big part in setting the atmosphere for the teams. Simple things, like carefully listening to employees, showing empathy, and resolving conflicts with an understanding approach make a huge difference in how one may feel at work. Including policies that provide a work-life balance, such as flexible schedules or access to resources for maintaining good mental health, is a huge contributory factor toward an enabling, supportive environment.

This project has taught me that the human side of management is important. It's not just about employees being present to get the work done, but how their emotions can directly affect their actual performance and satisfaction with their jobs.

As younger generations enter the workforce, they are looking for more empathetic and supportive leadership. Companies that invest in building emotional intelligence in their leaders will have better employee retention and ultimately be successful. This experience has taught me a lot about the power of emotional intelligence in the workplace, how emotionally intelligent managers inspire trust, constructively handle conflicts, and genuinely support their teams. By putting mental health front and center and leading with empathy, companies can create a culture that truly values personal well-being and professional growth. This project has shown me time and again that real change starts with how leaders connect with and care for their people.

A Comparative Analysis of Emergency Room, Urgent Care Centers and Physician Office Visits

Katherine Ebrahim, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Nursing 

For my capstone project I reviewed literature on the utilization of the Emergency room (ER), Urgent Care centers (UCC) and Physician offices (PO). The aim of this literature search was to analyze why patients may choose to go the ER over UCCs and POs, and explore how health care professionals can guide patients to the appropriate care settings and provide solutions to direct patients to the best option. Each of these three locations provide a slightly different service. Comparing the overlap and fine tuning their use can result in better overall care to patients.

A large factor that affects patients is access to care. If patients are in a location where they only have an ER as a close option for care, they might choose to go there even when an UCC would suffice. If a person’s PO or UCC is closed at the time that they are seeking care they would be forced to go to the ER for medical treatment or risk not being able to receive any care.

Ensuring that UCC’s remain open to patients can allow them to seek treatment. It is also important to remember that some patients do not have regular visits with a health care professional. This lack of connection to a primary care physician may be the cause of a lack of access to PO visit.

This data could help to identify when each location is used, and how accurately patients are selecting the appropriate location to visit. This can lead to improving patient decisions through healthcare guides and decreased unnecessary ER visits.

I chose this area of research because the ER is something I am very passionate about. I was also interested in how to help both patients and the health care team. The research for this project was very interesting and there were a variety of papers that I found compelling. Learning more about this topic and being about to speak about it to friends and family has made me appreciate the patients that ER workers have to treat. I found it surprising how many articles I was able to find on my topic because I was worried I wouldn’t find enough. Overall, I have learned that researching about a topic you are interested can be rewarding and teach you more about your topic.

The Effect of Tau on Cervical Cancer Cell Cycle and Neuroblastoma Cell Cycle

Sandi Kelada, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Biology

At the start of my research journey, I wanted to be involved with cancer research. However, I was unable to find a position in a cancer research lab. I was also interested in neuroscience but was not sure of all the opportunities here at CSI. When one of my professors connected me with Dr. Alonso, I learned of all the projects she has been working on with Alzheimer's disease, which I found fascinating. She asked me to decide on what I would be working on and as I was researching the options, I came across new literature discussing correlations between Alzheimer's disease and cancer. I was very excited to explore this further because it combined my cancer interest with neuroscience. I presented this to Dr. Alonso and she loved the idea and I was very grateful that I could explore this new link further.

My overall capstone experience was very positive. I learned many new things and was pushed outside my comfort zone. Researching this new correlation was at times challenging since these discoveries were relatively new. However, I was pushed to work harder and collaborate with other people as well as my mentor in order to construct my methodology and perform my experiments. I am very grateful for all the people that helped me and were there for me during this journey and how they were always available to answer any questions I had. This experience also increased my knowledge and love for biology and its relevance in medicine. I learned about and studied major disease processes that are common, and it I saw the relevance of research and how drives clinical medicine.

While I was able to gather many data in this project, there is still more to be done. Further research looking at other cancer cell lines could include studies that could be compared with one another. Additionally, staining protocols as well as techniques such as western blot are necessary to determine the biochemical bases of these correlations. Additionally, statistical tests could also be done to figure out the significance between the different cancer cell lines. More research needs to be done to find out the reasons behind the differences in the intensity between them.

Ultimately, I am very grateful that I had this research opportunity. It not only furthered my research goals but has also better prepared me for a medical career. I have learned to be persistent, to ask difficult questions, and to not be afraid of asking for help when I need it. I will always remember to stay creative and innovative and explore new connections and discoveries even among the seemingly mundane.

Echoes of Understanding: Exploring Schizophrenia's Ripple Effect on Relationships: A Literature Review

Jordan Pernice, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Psychology

My research area was inspired by a deep interest in understanding the correlation between mental health and human relationships. As a psychology major, I’ve always been fascinated by how mental health disorders affect interpersonal connections. Schizophrenia stood out as particularly misunderstood, yet profoundly impactful to those who have it. My motivation stemmed from a desire to bridge the gap between clinical understanding and human empathy.

Initially, I thought the capstone would be a straightforward academic exercise. In reality, it was much more. It became a journey of discovery, pushing me to question stereotypes, connect with the emotional narratives behind the data, and explore the societal implications of stigma. It was intellectually challenging, but also deeply personal. By the end, I felt like I had not just written a literature review, but had also contributed to promoting understanding and compassion for those impacted by schizophrenia.

I found that confronting the depth of stigma and misinformation surrounding schizophrenia to be deeply challenging. Sifting through dense research articles was tough, but even harder was digesting the emotional toll the disorder takes on individuals and their relationships. At times, the statistics and stories felt overwhelming. However, what came naturally was my passion for the topic. I never doubted my commitment to shedding light on this important issue. What surprised me the most was how interconnected everything was. This project proved that addressing mental health is not just about discussing treatment, but also about promoting societal change.

This research is only the beginning, I’d love to explore interventions that improve relationship dynamics for individuals with schizophrenia, particularly focusing on romantic relationships, which are often overlooked. Expanding the study to include personal narratives and interviews with individuals and their families could provide richer, more human perspectives. Additionally, exploring cross-cultural differences in how schizophrenia is perceived and managed could highlight areas for global improvement in mental health care and societal support systems.

This experience has been incredibly personal for me. My stepfather’s struggle with schizophrenia was my first glimpse into how this disorder affects not only the individual but also their loved ones. Witnessing his journey, the challenges he faced in maintaining relationships, and the misconceptions he endured gave me a unique perspective and a deep empathy for those living with mental illness.

Through this research, I’ve come to appreciate the resilience of individuals like my stepfather and their families. I’m walking away with a renewed sense of purpose to advocate for mental health awareness and a commitment to fostering understanding in both my personal and professional life as I continue my journey in psychology.

Shot or Not? An Analysis of Parental Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States

Julianna Ficarra, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Nursing

For my capstone, I chose to complete a literature review about pediatric vaccine hesitancy among parents in the United States. I am particularly interested in this topic because I have worked for a pediatrician for several years and have been exposed to parents making decisions about their children's vaccines almost every day. Many parents would look to me for advice, and I realized that even though I would never push my personal opinion on them, I didn't even have any factual information to guide them with! The office provides printed supplemental information from the CDC website for parents about each vaccine, and gives them time to do other research as they see fit, and I wanted to do some research of my own.

I had a great experience writing my capstone paper with the tremendous help form Professor Brillhart, who also played a part in inspiring me to choose this topic. I also spoke to another wonderful Professor of mine, Professor Erichsen, about some ideas I was brainstorming, and she reinforced the idea to look into pediatric vaccines as well. I am very fortunate to have met these two professors through CSI's Nursing program and continue to learn from them even after completing their courses.

I expected that completing this capstone project would be time-consuming, challenging, and eye opening, and I was correct! It was easy to write about something I'm passionate about once I got started, and I was surprised by how much information is out there to support both points of view regarding pediatric and adolescent vaccine administration. I also looked into how the United States compared to other countries on this topic, such as Australia. I would further explore the personal fears and opinions of parents in my community regarding pediatric vaccine administration.

Through my research, I found that many of the driving factors that influence parental vaccine hesitancy are socioeconomic challenges, traditional and cultural beliefs, social media misinformation and overall lack of knowledge. Many parents were also influenced by a study published in 1998 that stated that the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine was connected to autism. This study was retracted several years later, after it had created fear in parents all over the world. Through completion of this paper, I will take with me key APA format corrections that Professor Brillhart taught me, along with all of the information I discovered regarding the reasons behind parental vaccine hesitancy.

 

 

Greenwashing Exposed

Ethan Shalem, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Political Science

My capstone project began with researching a topic related to natural science and political aspects, and I chose greenwashing and the consumer product industry, with Professor Diana Judd as my mentor. Greenwashing is when a large corporation uses terms like Green, Eco-Friendly, Sustainable, & Biodegradable to deceive a consumer into purchasing their product. At one point, there were no regulations on the types of false claims made on products, and policies are needed to regulate scientific ideas and discoveries. The government enacted congressional acts like The Textile Act of 1958 (which protected consumers from mis-advertisement in the textile industry) and federal programs like the Federal Trade Commission (FTC, protecting consumers from product mis-advertisement).The ultimate goal of my capstone was to research greenwashing and to assert that politics needs to influence and regulate natural science.

The case that I cover in my capstone project is about how Kohls and Walmart violated The Textile Act back in 2022. They advertised some textile products (clothing, bedsheets, pillow sheets, etc.) as bamboo products as being sustainable/environmentally friendly. A study showed that the so-called bamboo products were made from a chemically treated wood pulp called rayon. These products were being falsely advertised to consumers. Both retailers advertised these products with greenwashing wording, luring customers to purchase the products because of their assumed environmental sustainability.

My research found that the production of rayon has very negative effects on the environment and the factory workers producing it. The chemicals used to break down the wood pulp are usually released into waterways, contaminating different groups of species. Most importantly, the factory workers get exposed to these chemicals. The chemicals were found to be harmful to reproductive health, and many of the workers had no idea about this. The chemical process was banned from the United States due to how toxic it is, and we source the needed materials from third-world countries.

A philosopher that we covered in one of my classes was named Francis Bacon. He believed in the importance of transparency and scientific information being available to all. One of his most profound objectives was the clear goal of simply benefitting society. He never sought fame or profit for his research and findings. He was very much against the manipulation of science and false theories without substantial support backing the claims. Bacon introduced us to the Idols of the Mind, specifically the Idols of the Market Place. This is described as the troubles some of all the idols Bacon presents. This idol represents the false information communicated between people, such as a simple error in the information that is spread around. I had a great time reading and understanding what Bacon dedicated his life to. Professor Judd did a great job of teaching this course, and she was very knowledgeable on the philosophy topics. As she liked to say, “everything is better with Bacon,” and we were able to see Bacon’s ideas spread across to different philosophers over the years. He had a huge influence on natural science and politics, believing in the separation of natural sciences from the ideologies of the church.

Philosophers like Bacon have provided us with great knowledge. We can still apply this knowledge to modern-day occurrences, like greenwashing. As mentioned, unchecked industries like the rayon industry can lead to a whole list of issues. This included corporate greed, consumer deception, environmental destruction, and even worker exploitation. Politics can act as a safeguard, ensuring that science is developed and used responsibly. Global cooperation along with domestic cooperation will ensure that greenwashing is minimized or even removed.

We need to ensure that science is there for safe public usage. The fight against greenwashing is a human-wide issue. Although the cases mentioned took place in the United States, the issues begin when the products are being manufactured. When politics influence science, it can create the opportunity to establish regulations for corporations to follow. These regulations are in favor of consumer health and transparency, as evidenced by the FTC’s actions and The Textile Act of 1958. Politics has had a greater impact on natural science, ensuring corporate accountability, consumer transparency, and environmental protection.

Health Disparities in Colon Cancer Among African Americans

Aneena Panicker, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Nursing 

My capstone discusses health disparities that impact colorectal cancer screening among African Americans. Colon cancer is one the top leading cancers in the United States, yet it is one of the most treatable types of cancer when discovered and detected in early stages of the disease. Despite advanced technology and medical advancements, many marginalized populations such as African Americans are still suffering with the highest rates of late stage CRC diagnosis and succumbing to the disease compared to other racial/ethnic groups. This issue tends to raise the question of how to improve preventative healthcare measures such as screenings to address this gap and further reduce mortality rates. It is important to analyze these barriers that prevent or inhibit this population from receiving adequate care and seek solutions to combat it. Nurses are forefront leaders in creating change and can drastically improve the well-being of individuals who are neglected and underserved by the healthcare system. Further research and analysis led to the conclusion that socioeconomic barriers, perceived mindsets regarding screenings, and access to care all played a major role in reduced colon cancer screenings among African Americans, especially for men. However, there are many ways to further improve this initiative as nurses can increase education, enhance community engagement, and empower individuals to take health seeking behaviors.

The disparity difference in this population sparked my interest in researching this topic, in addition to learning more about the increase of colon cancer diagnoses among young individuals. This concerned me and I wanted to learn more about which populations may be most impacted. I expected the capstone to be a straightforward research process but in reality, it required the ability to navigate complex journal articles to draw conclusions and formulate an organized structure. The capstone encouraged critical thinking and enabled me to deep dive into complex ideas and concepts that further enhanced my understanding compared to my previous baseline comprehension of the topic. It was challenging trying to uncover the various issues that led to screening disparities, and interconnecting the issues was difficult, however statistical data was able to provide straightforward results which made it easier to synthesize into main ideas. What surprised me most about the literature reviews was how deep medical mistrust is among the African American community, which remains to this day. To further expand this research, I would conduct personalized interviews among individuals from this population to further understand their experiences which can further support statistical data and design culturally sensitive interventions.

I learned to comprehensively analyze patients and understand that there are multifactorial components that can impact a person's well-being and quality of life. From this research experience, I'm motivated and committed to utilizing this knowledge into the clinical setting and nursing practice. I hope to advocate for policies and programs that help bring equitable care to vulnerable patient populations and dismantle systemic bias that is present in the healthcare system.

Understanding Relationship Dynamics of Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder

Victoria Wallace, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completed major in Psychology

My research objective was to examine individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder and how they act and maintain familial, friendship, romantic, and occupational relationships. In essence, family relationships would often face high amounts of stress and emotional pain due to the individual with BPD's symptoms. Friendships are likely to be unstable, with periodic conflict and problems setting and respecting one's boundaries. Romantic relationships are rooted with insecurity, recurring arguments, and attachment problems. In the workplace, people with BPD may struggle with facing stigma, handling tasks, meeting performance expectations, and managing tense relationships with coworkers and bosses. Effective treatment requires understanding these relational struggles and using encompassing support systems, like family education and workplace interventions, to improve emotional regulation and communication.

What motivated me the most in writing and exploring BPD and its relational dynamics is mainly because of my family. One of my closest cousins, who is like another sister to me, had been diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder about ten years back. Growing up, I always wondered why my cousin would bicker, argue, and yell so much with almost every person she met, as well as witness the impulsive behaviors and instability within her friendships, relationships, and interactions with public acquaintances like cashiers. After researching this field, I now see and empathize with my cousin on a different level of understanding.

I personally thought that the capstone project would be simple, as if it were any 12-page paper that had to be written for a course, but the more I sat down to work on my project, the more difficult it became. It was challenging to articulate my words into what I wanted my paper to say, but upon reflection, I feel that I put my best foot forward and dedicated much time into creating and perfecting my paper.

Throughout this capstone experience, not only have I learned how to compose a graduate-level paper, but I also learned the value of time, effort and dedication. Some days I would come home from work and go right on to school whether online or in person, and get to work on my capstone, because I felt a sense of urgency to complete it in a timely manner, as well as dedication to seeing the project through to the end. Being able to balance working full time, attending class and completing classwork and assignments, and the requirements of this capstone required strong time management and perseverance. The experience taught me the importance of pushing through and staying committed to my end goal, even on the most difficult days.

The most important takeaway from this research project in my opinion is to never judge a person, because behind the scenes, you do not know what is going on in that person's life. That person may be an individual with BPD, or a loved one to that individual, and you never know what obstacles they face on a day to day basis. Always treat others with kindness and respect.

 

The Inter-relationship of Human Anatomy and Gene Inheritance

Aliyah Deonarayan, Verrazzano Class of 2026, completing major in Nursing

Throughout my time completing my research paper, I learned so much about the human body and its capabilities. The research idea first blossomed in my Human Anatomy and Physiology lab led by Professor Antonella Guadagnino, who became my mentor. In her class, I learned to understand anatomy with an open mind.

Growing up and adoring my culture played a huge part in accepting my body. To understand that our bodies can adapt in such significant ways to better our chances at survival makes it a fascinating fact that we unknowingly have. So much of my life was having a sense of belonging and connecting with groups of people with the same ethnic background as me. On my grandfather’s side there are so many different ethnicities such as Brazilian, Australian, and even English. I’ve known my whole life that I am ethnically Indian, but learning about my grandfather made me excited to learn more about other cultures and characteristics. It made me realize how different we all look yet are all the same.

After taking the Human Anatomy and Physiology course, I became curious as to why there are so many variations for one general body part. Such as, why do we have different colored hair, why do we have such unique noses, why do we have different bone structures? I took the same theory Charles Darwin had proven to be known as survival of the fittest, and placed it towards humans with different backgrounds. We all know certain groups of people tend to have similar qualities, but what it boils down to is, what do they have in common ethnically?

Our environment influences our bodies, which I used to brush over as, “Oh that’s just how I am”, but never considered why. For example, I never understood why I grew up so skinny and was taunted for it, but after deep research that is further discussed in my paper, I learned that it is in fact related to my Indian heritage. Learning about what makes my body react a certain way was very interesting and even helped me to know what the best diet routine to follow to improve my physique. History lies deep within us providing a world of curiosity, which we can always find.

By the Eyes of Primo Levi

Jennifer De Litteris, Verrazzano class of 2024, completed major in English Literature and Italian Studies (7-12)

Primo Levi's "Survival in Auschwitz" is not simply about his journey and endurance within the concentration camp, but portrays the unforgettable dehumanization of the Jewish prisoners. Through my research, I embarked on a journey that challenged my understanding of the meaning of dehumanization. Levi wanted readers to understand through his way of writing the impact the Nazis had on the way the prisoners lived their lives. He allowed me to think about the depths of human cruelty and suffering and this exploration left a profound impact, not only on my perspective of the Holocaust but also on the importance of preserving these narratives.

Levi's account conveys how the prisoners' identities were ripped away. From arrival, their names are replaced with numbers, clothing is confiscated, and individuality is erased. This was the Nazi's way to abolish a population of people and through his stories he allows us to understand the dehumanization process. As a reader, I was forced to confront and understand the meaning of dehumanization by taking a step back in comprehending how each prisoner can be ripped off their humanity and life. Levi gives us a clear picture of the loss of personal possessions and lives of many family members. For example, a comb, a photograph – these seemingly trivial objects holding the reminder of a life before the camp. With all of that, scholars pay close attention to how memory and language play an important role in how the prisoners survived. Despite the relentless brutality, through memory and language he records important details like the names of fellow inmates, the camp's structure, even the routines of daily life. This act becomes a reclamation of self, a refusal to be erased completely.

Furthermore, Levi's experiences raise critical questions about the ethics of survival. The book hints at the moral compromises some prisoners were forced to make to survive. Exploring these choices through additional survivor accounts and historical analysis would offer a nuanced perspective on the complexities of surviving such an ordeal. "Survival in Auschwitz" serves not only as a historical document but also as a cautionary tale. Dehumanization, in various forms, continues to plague our world. Recognizing the tactics used in Auschwitz can equip us to identify and resist similar tactics employed in modern conflicts and societal divisions.

By continuing to study and share Levi's work, we honor the memory of those who perished and ensure that their stories are not forgotten. His words serve as a powerful reminder of the importance of empathy, compassion, and the enduring strength of the human spirit.

This exploration of Levi's work has been a deeply personal and transformative experience. While the subject matter is harrowing, the act of reading and reflecting has fostered a deeper appreciation for the human capacity for resilience and the necessity of preserving these narratives for future generations.

 

Medieval and Early Modern Cultures Reflection

Rolla Khass, Verrazzano Class of 2025, completing major in SLS  

Rolla working on Tatreez tapestry

The SLS 302 course on Medieval and Early Modern Cultures, is filled with medieval writings based on women's rights, chivalric behavior, religious morals, love, war, and beautiful imagery for the seasons of the year that demonstrate an appreciation for nature and much more.

Of all of the historical stories we have read, one that stayed with me was Chaucer's Wife of Bath, which reveals a complicated worldview about the power relationship between men and women. The Wife of Bath, Alison, shares her experiences with marriage and her opinion of the role women play while maintaining her independence. I wanted to compare the connection between historical context and the present perspectives on gender roles and education.

This work speaks to me because it sheds light on the complicated issues of women's current lives and voices in the past. During Chaucer's era, women were usually seen as inferior to men, mainly destined to household duties. However, Alison identifies herself by being bold, assertive, and openly expressive about her desires and experiences. The story of The Wife of Bath explores power relations in marriage and the larger social implications of women's freedom.

In my life, the progress toward gender equality in education and careers has been notable, but obstacles still exist. There are women today who stand on their own disregarding any traditional and cultural views of where and how women should be, through the lens of men.

Thinking about the character’s story, I noticed similarities with the ongoing fight for women's rights and representation. Her story emphasizes the value of speaking up, and how education can empower people to question traditional norms. This has helped women today to stand up for our values of self-empowerment, by challenging societal standards and working hard to get themselves to the top.

Alison’s emphasis on human experiences as sources of learning is fascinating. She prioritizes her life’s lessons over traditional academic education, which reflects on my belief in practical knowledge and wisdom. There is a rising respect for different learning experiences and their benefits in today's schools.

The “Wife of Bath” is varied with layers of personalities demonstrating both the limitations placed on women and their abilities to flourish within those limitations, especially on someone like me, as a Muslim Arab.

However, these limitations are not meant to limit me, but to keep me safe as a Muslim, and I am content with it in many ways. I can picture Chaucer's character Alison with how things are now. As a woman, I can say I am able to flourish within the cultural limitations placed on me, where I can balance work life as an Islamic teacher and college student. I have an independent life with a busy work schedule and a home life where I assist with cooking, cleaning and much more. I have an old soul many say, who loves the old ways where women stay home and bake, cook, care for others, yet doesn't limit them from being a successful self-built woman.

My Palestinian identity ties in with this, where Palestinian women are taught to stay at home, enjoy their hobbies, and spend their days at the beach in Palestine, which is what both of my parents were taught, being raised in Gaza. This is where the cultural limitations and stereotypes of women staying at home come from and one my mom had to break so that her children could flourish, enjoying their road to success in the outside world.

That being said, because we were able to do what we wanted outside of the house, I became more interested in doing things at home. I learned the hobbies that my Palestinian ancestral grandmothers did at home, called Tatreez. Tatreez is Palestinian embroidery, and not only have I loved to stay at home and do embroidery, but I’ve taken what I’ve learned and created a business from this.

I’ve reached a stage where I know I can balance my at-home life with a successful life on the outside world. Chaucer's “Wife of Bath” supports this view where Alison has strength with what she wants and with no care about how she is judged. It was the era of women discovering their worth, where male authors shared the literature of strong women making their mark. Overall, I found this course to be very relatable with the present world in many aspects.

Reflecting on My Capstone: Alliances and Disease as Decisive Factors in the Siege of Tenochtitlan (1520-1521)

Luan Draga, Verrazzano Class of 2024, completed major in History

I found my capstone project enjoyable; stressful at times, but very fun to do. I love history and my topic was very interesting to me which made the process much easier, especially with my mentor, Dr. Wing, who was incredibly helpful. He’s an expert in this field and supported me in what books to look into, apart from ideas on how to expand my research. There were many long days reading and long nights typing, but in the end, I’ve felt incredibly satisfied with my final product. In my entire academic career, this is the longest work I have ever completed, reaching 35 pages and sourcing more than 10 books. Actually, I purchased all of the books that I sourced and as a result my library at home has expanded, some of which I’m happy to put on display.

I also want to add that I loved presenting this research. It was really enjoyable to share with people this important topic of why Tenochtitlan fell, because often times important perspectives in history are overlooked or completely ignored. I had to speak in front of many people and discuss in detail the events that occurred, followed up by many of their questions, and it made me realize that I also enjoy teaching. Another aspect that made this process fun was creating the poster because I was able to express my creativity and create a nice, neat, and colorful poster to get my point across.

Doing the research was tough at times, but it was also interesting because I was able to find new sources to investigate and branch off of to continue more research. I made use of primary sources of both Spanish and Indigenous perspectives while writing my honors thesis to get a better grasp of the overall event. The research was the difficult part because it was very time-consuming and often exhausting, but it made my understanding of my topic and of the overall history of the topic very rich.

I am thankful for the immense help, guidance, and encouragement Dr. Wing gave me, and I will always be grateful for it. I don’t think I could have asked for a better mentor to oversee this honors thesis. I also want to thank Dr. Kimball for the revisions on the essay that were very helpful in adding the final touches.

I highly recommend students to pick a mentor they are comfortable with and get along with to do this huge project and to be very careful with their time management. As long as you do these two things, you will be successful and the process will be much easier.

Investigating Impact of Differential Metabolic Gene Expressions on a Panel of Cancers

Rachel Tbeile Mann, Verrazzano Class of 2024, completed major in Psychology and minor in Biology

I have always enjoyed researching topics that interest me, and this project was no different. I had decided to graduate earlier than I expected to, so I was working on a shorter timeline but still enjoyed the process of researching and developing this thesis.

After taking radiation biology with Dr. Liu-Sullivan, I knew that I wanted to explore this topic further and reached out to her at the end of the semester about doing research. Initially, the focus of the research was going to be an investigation of drinking water quality of zip codes that are near the now closed Fresh Kills Landfill. However, the project had to be redesigned.

The Environmental Working Group’s (EWG) water quality database is only based on one water sample for all of New York, making a comparison of different zip codes impossible. As I had been a part of a research group, we decided to base our project instead on studying five types of cancers that are unusually prevalent among the Staten Island population. We each studied one of those cancers (I studied pancreatic cancer) and how varying levels of gene expression of three genes impact patient prognostics and overall survival.

To analyze the impact of gene expression on patient prognostics and overall survival, I used the KAPLAN-MEIER PLOTTER, which is a comprehensive database that provides information on differential gene expressions using Affimetrix, RNAseq, and DNA sets. This website provides figures that can then be analyzed to gain insight on differential gene expression.

The three genes I studied were: leptin, insulin, and insulin-growth factor. Insulin, which is secreted by the pancreas, controls blood sugar levels to maintain homeostasis. A regulatory protein called insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) controls growth hormones and stimulates the formation of new bones and tissues. Leptin is a protein hormone that is secreted by adipocytes and is vital to the body's energy balance. Leptin stimulates the growth of cancer cells, motility, and metastasis when a malignant tumor appears, although it is not always a cause of cancer.

It is interesting to note that while I expected differential levels of gene expression to have significant impacts on patient prognostic and survival in pancreatic cancer, that was not the case for all of the genes I had studied. Since my results weren’t what I expected, I feel like I gained even more insight on this topic than anticipated.

Through this thesis, I gained a better understanding of how research is conducted in the science world and learned that it doesn’t always go as expected. I also improved my collaboration and data analysis skills. Overall, I am grateful for this experience and especially for the unwavering guidance and support of my mentor throughout this process.

Reflections on SLS 303 Modern Cultures Course

Bayan Khalil, Verrazzano Class of 2024, completed major in SLS Early Childhood

When I reflect on the materials from the SLS 303 Modern Cultures course alongside my own time and culture, I notice the striking parallels that shed light on contemporary issues that are all around us. Exploring modernist literature like Virginia Woolf's works reveals profound insights into the human consciousness and societal expectations that are put upon us. Characters like Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith mirror struggles that are still faced by individuals today, such as isolation, identity, and pressure to conform. These themes resonate deeply in our world which is dominated by social media and the superficial connections that we seek.

Woolf advocated for the right of women's education and empowerment and this is part of ongoing discussions on gender equality in our current society. She challenged a society that often marginalized women's voices to show the importance of education and empowerment and she succeeded. These are seen as pillars of progress and change.

Freud's psychoanalytic theories offer valuable insights into the complexities of human behavior. While Franz Kafka's "The Metamorphosis" reveals insights into the human consciousness and our societal expectations, with Freud's theories being applied we see just how much human behavior is affected through childhood. People often view his ideas critically today, but his emphasis on the unconscious and early childhood experiences still influences contemporary psychology and is still used today. When reading his work, you can instantly feel a connection to our lives in the present day. I see parallels between Freud's concepts with how people deal with individual struggles with their unresolved issues and traumas, while they are often unaware of their underlying motivations.

When you look at art and literature from the modernist period through the work of artists like Picasso and writers like Woolf, it is obvious that there is a shared spirit of rebellion against societal norms they faced. Picasso's cubism and Woolf's stream-of-consciousness writing were groundbreaking in their era, and are reminiscent of today's movements advocating for diversity and breaking down barriers. Modernism pushed boundaries and challenged traditions, aligning with today's cultural landscape. The modernist movement reminds us of the importance of artistic expression and innovation in shaping society.

Overall, the materials from SLS 303 provided me with valuable insights that remain prevalent in my own time and society. Engaging with Woolf, Freud, Kafka and other modernist figures deepens my understanding of the human experience and their enduring impact on navigating contemporary life.

Scratch, The Beginning of Coding for Young Children

Bayan Khalil, Verrazzano Class of 2024, completed major in SLS Early Childhood

Through my research, I gained a profound understanding of the significance of digital literacy and computational thinking. Initially, when introduced to Scratch, I harbored little interest. However, collaborating closely with my mentor Dr. Ting Yuan enlightened me to its potential to revolutionize the landscape of computer science.

When looking at today's job market it is revealed that the most high-paying and sought-after positions involve some form of coding. With no prior coding experience, I wondered how individuals could grasp such concepts, especially later in life, when we could introduce this process at a younger age to ensure accessibility for all students. Not only would students acquire fundamental skills essential for future employment, but they would also develop a deeper comprehension of the digital realm, enabling them to navigate it more adeptly than ever before.

The integration of computational thinking into school curriculum is pivotal for children's development, fostering problem-solving skills and enabling them to discern its real-life applications. This structured problem-solving approach proves invaluable not only in coding but also in real-world scenarios.

My journey with Scratch opened my eyes to how a children's digital platform could revolutionize STEM education in schools. It stands out as an exceptional introductory tool, presenting a block-based interface that allows them to develop both technical and creative skills. My research underscores its superior engagement compared to traditional teaching methods. Students are naturally drawn to its interactive nature, fostering an environment where they can experiment and take control of their learning, potentially reaching a level of proficiency sought after by high-tech industries while still in school.

Scratch transcends barriers, fostering inclusivity and accessibility, particularly for students with disabilities. It not only facilitates communication but also encourages creative exploration and bridges language gaps. Most importantly, teachers play a pivotal role in facilitating this learning journey. They serve as guides, ensuring a smooth learning process tailored to individual needs. As I prepare to embark on my career as an early childhood educator, I recognize how this shift in teaching methodologies emphasizes the importance of understanding students' preferences and leveraging technology to enhance their educational experience.

My collaboration with Dr. Yuan has fundamentally altered my perspective on teaching, enriching my understanding of how to become a more effective educator. I am immensely grateful for the opportunity to work alongside such an exceptional professor and eagerly anticipate future collaborations. Even as I graduate from college, my journey with Scratch is only just beginning.

Mechanisms of Sleep

Zakary Blyth, Verrazzano Class of 2024, completed major in Psychology

Working on my capstone project was an academically fulfilling experience, full of challenges and triumphs. With the help of Dr. Batmanian, I put together a literature review consisting of all of the significant research and discoveries revolving around sleep within the last decade.

The past decade has been a fruitful period for sleep research, with studies attempting to solidify what the ideal conditions are for the perfect night’s sleep, and studies that take a deeper look into what goes on within the body during the deep sleeping hours. This also includes new discoveries about what the potential consequences are for the body when one is sleep deprived for an elongated period of time (usually consistently for years). Using these studies, I combined the information from all three sections to isolate the perfect conditions for optimal productivity and cognitive output.

The experience of this was challenging at times, as there was no shortage of brand new research. With all of these articles to choose from, choosing the ones that were most relevant, and which tied together with the other articles from each section was quite the task. By the end of the project, I ended up using 19 different studies, all of which have ideas that are interwoven within the others. There were a few rewrites as well, to make sure I got what I needed from each article. Although this proved to be challenging at the beginning, the amount of new information I learned by the end was well worth it. I got the chance to really use the skills I learned about writing APA research papers, and got the opportunity to write a full-length review of my own, which was a great experience. Dr. Batmanian was extremely helpful in helping me to edit my work, and helped keep my ideas on track, along with giving several helpful suggestions that helped the paper flow better.

The other component of the project, the poster board, was a wonderful learning experience as well. Having to pinpoint a select few talking points from the paper that effectively summarized the main ideas of the work was interesting, and designing the poster itself was pretty fun, because there were so many options. I was excited to share my work at the Undergraduate Research Conference.

Overall, my experience completing my capstone project was a great one. I got the opportunity to learn a lot about sleep (and there is so much more to know that has not been discovered yet), and present it as comprehensively as I could. I was able to use the skills I learned throughout my time at CSI, and complete a project that I am proud of. I could not wait to present this work, and to see the amazing work of my peers.

Emphasis in Speech: The Individual’s Perspective

Thikra Mohammad, Verrazzano Class of 2024, completed major in English Linguistics and minor in Speech Language Pathology

My independent study research class has been one of the most beneficial and challenging courses I have ever taken in my college career. The research stood out with a lot of practical tools and concepts I learned over the past year. I worked on a group project all semester with other college students, trying our absolute best to gather data, with our English Linguistics professor alongside us helping us every step of the way.

When this research first began, I didn't know what to expect. I had never taken an independent study before, and I worked with a professor on researching empathy and how it intertwines with our ability to perceive and comprehend the emotions conveyed through speech.

It was so interesting to investigate how our tendency to hear or distinguish between how people emphasize words during speech may be related to particular character traits. As time passed and we reached our maximum number of participants to volunteer to take the study in our research lab, it was a surreal feeling. I remember telling my parents how it was a very different feeling than completing most of my classes after finalizing the research. It was a feeling like no other, knowing that you worked so hard, trying to find participants that fit the criteria of only native English-speaking individuals and having a total of 100 volunteers. I had accomplished something I never saw myself doing the last 3 years or even back when I was in high school.

This research was so cool to see the intriguing relationship between empathy and speech perception, but it mainly focused on how individual differences in perspective-taking abilities shape the sensitivity to vocal emphasis. It took a lot of time and effort to make this research successful and possible for all of us to present at the undergraduate conference.

The purpose of this capstone was to show compelling insights into the interplay between empathy and speech perception. The positive correlation observed between perspective-taking abilities and sensitivity to vocal emphasis underscores the pivotal role of empathy in facilitating accurate interpretation of what are called prosodic cues.

In the present study, we tested for a relationship between empathy; an aspect of personality, and cognitive processing style and emphasis. We found that individual differences in empathy were predictive in the perception of emphasis. It was estimated using measures of emotion recognition, and emphasis was operationalized as the height of pitch levels on words, in what is known as Words with Sentenced Stress. This shows that empathy may be an important source of individual differences in perceiving and understanding spoken language.

This research project was a major turning point in my undergraduate experience and was both demanding and enlightening. Working with classmates and a dedicated professor brought richness to the experience, and as a capstone course, it offered an environment for putting learned principles into practice. Investigating the relationship between speech perception and empathy provided exciting new insights into the dynamics of human communication. The results of participant recruitment, study design, and data analysis demonstrated how important empathy is in influencing how we interpret spoken language. This study reflects my progress and perseverance during my time in college and adds to the academic conversation as well as being a personal accomplishment.